ADF: 'Yan tawayen Uganda da ke aiki da IS a Kongo

Yankin gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Kongo ya daɗe da zama matattarar 'yan tawaye, abin da ya janyo yaɗuwar rikici a makwabtan kasar da suka hadar da Rwanda, Burundi da Uganda.

Daga cikin sanannun kungiyoyin da suka fi tari a yankin yanzu haka akwai kungiyar Allied Democratic Forces ta Uganda wato (ADF).

An kafa kungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayin a shekarun 1990, kuma ta fi mayar da hankali wajen kai hare-hare a cikin gida.

Amma bayan sake kunno kai a Jamhuriyyar Dimukradiyyar Kong, ayyukanta sun dauki wani sabon salo na jihadi a duniya, yayin da ake ci gaba da kai hare hare da sunan ISIS.

Ta yaya ADF ta fara?

Tsoffin hafsoshin soji masu biyayya ga tsohon sojan nan na hannun daman tsohon shugaban kasar Uganda Idi Amin ne ya kafa kungiyar ta ADF a arewacin Uganda.

Mayakanta sun dauki makami ne don yakar Shugaban kasar Yuganda, Yoweri Museveni wanda ya dade a kan mulki, yana mai zargin gwamnatin na musgunawa Musulmai.

Bayan da dakarun Uganda suka samu nasarar murkushe kungiyar a shekarar 2001, ta tsere zuwa lardin arewacin Kivu a jamhuriyyar Dimukradiyar Kongo.

Musa Seka Baluku ya zama jagoran kungiyar a 2015 biyo bayan kame wanda ya gada Jamil Mukulu.

An ruwaito Baluku ya fara yi wa kungiyar IS mubaya'a a shekarar 2016.

Amma sai a watan Afrilun shekarar 2019 ne kungiyar ta IS ta fara amincewa da ayyukanta a yankin, lokacin da ta yi ikirarin kai hari a kan sojoji a kusa da kan iyaka da Uganda.

Duk da yake akwai alamun cewa IS ta hada gwiwa da ADF, kungiyar bata taba ambatarta ta a fili ba a cikin farfagandarta.

A watan Satumban 2020, Baluku ya yi ikirarin cewa ADF "ta daina wanzuwa".

"A halin yanzu, mu lardi ne, lardin Afirka ta Tsakiya, wanda yana daya daga cikin larduna da dama da suka kafa daular Islama," in ji shi.

Kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida har yanzu suna danganta hare-haren da ake kai wa kasar da ADF.

Wanne hali ake ciki a Jamhuriyyar Dimukradiyyar Kongo ?

A cewar hukumar 'yan gudun hijirar ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, UNHCR, ADF ta kashe fararen hula kusan 200 tare da raba wasu kusan 40,000 da muhallansu a Beni tun daga watan Janairun 2021.

Kungiyar' yan tawayen na kuma fakon sojojin gwamnati da na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Tun bayan bullar kungiyar IS a Kongo, yawan kai hare-hare ya karu.

Hare-haren Iscap suna faruwa ne a yankunan da ADF ke da karfi, musamman Arewacin Kivu na Beni da lardin Ituri mai makwabtaka.

Mafi yawanscin wadannan hare hare ana kai su ne kan sansanonin soja, sai dai mafi muni na faruwa ne a kan kiristoci fararen hula.

Babban harin Iscap ya zuwa yanzu na zaman wanda ta kai tare da balle wani gidan yari a Ben, abunda ya janyo tserewar daurarru 1000.

Fargabar rikicin addini.

Rikicin gabashin Jamhuriyyar Dimukradiyyar Kongo na da alaka da addini da kuma kabilanci, to sai dai a yanzu tsoma hannu a ciki da kungiyar ISIS ta yi na iya karfafa shi zuwa rikicin addini.

Yawancin kiristocin kasar mabiya darikar Katolika ne, kuma darikar na da muhimmiyar rawa da take takawa a kasar.

A watan Mayu, an harbe wasu manyan malamai musulmai biyu da aka san su da sukar ADF a Beni.

An kuma alakanta kungiyar tawayen da kai hare-hare kan mabiya darikar Katolika.

A watan Oktoban 2012, ta sace wasu limaman Katolika uku daga wani gidan kiristoci da ke yankin Mbau, kuma har yanzu ba a san inda suke ba.

A cikin farfagandarta, kungiyar IS ta sha nuna tsana ga Kiristocin tare da yin ƙafafa a kan yadda gwamnatin kasar ta gaza wajen kare su daga hare-harenta.

Irin wannan tsokanar halayya ce da ISIS ke yi galibi a yayin da take neman haifar da rikice-rikicen cikin gida don karfafa cancantarta a matsayin mai kare talakawan Musulmi daga "zalunci".

Farfagandar ISIS

Basu wasu alamu da ke nuna cewa kungiyar ta ADF ce ke tafiyar da harkokin watsa labaranta.

Amma kungiyar IS tana da ingantacciyar hanyar watsa labarai ta yanar gizo a hannunta, wanda ta samu karbuwa daga wasu kafafen watsa labarai da ke aiki a wasu dandamali na aikewa da sakonni.

Yawancin sakon farfagandar Iscap na kunshe da rubutaccen bayani da kuma hotunan hare haren da take kaiwa.

A watan Maris, a wani mataki na nuna karfi, kungiyar ta fitar da hotunan da take ikirarin mayakanta suna yawo a titunan wani kauye a lardin Ituri bayan wani hari da aka kaiwa sojojin.

Amma irin wadannan hotunan ba su da yawa kuma suna nuna cewa har yanzu kungiyar ta IS ba ta zamo mai karfi ba a kasar.

A watan Oktoban 2020, babbar jaridar IS ta al-Naba ta fitar da wani shiri na musamman game da ayyukan Iscap a cikin tsawon watanni 12, wanda ke nuna hare-hare a kasashen Kongo da Mozambique.

Fadadar masu jihadi na yanki

Rikicin 'yan tawaye a gabashin Jamhuriyyar Dimukradiyyar Kongon ya ci gaba ne saboda rashin ƙarfi na cibiyoyin gwamnati da rashin yarda da tsoma bakin sojoji.

A irin wannan yanayi ne ISIS ke iya fadada karfinta, kamar yadda ta yi amfani da irin wannan dama wajen fadada ikonta a kasashen Iraki da Siriya a cikin 2014, da kuma kwanan nan a Yammacin Afirka, inda ta bazu zuwa arewa maso gabashin Najeriya da kuma yankin Sahel.

Hakanan, fadada kungiyar ta IS na da nasaba da yada take hada karfi da karfe da kungiyoyi irinta kamar ADF din a Kongo, domin yin kawance daga nan su rikide su zama reshenta na wannan yanki na duniya da suke.

Iscap na iya amfani da karuwar tashin hankali don faɗaɗa ayyuka a cikin ƙasashe maƙwabta.