Dalilin da ya sa zafi ya tsananta a wannan bazarar

Akwai zafi, zafi sosai. Kuma duk da haka saura 'yan makonni kafin a shiga bazara a wasu sassan duniya.

Jihar Texas da kuma wani ɓangare na kudu maso yammacin Amurka na fuskantar tsananin zafi. An sha bai wa Amurka miliyan 120 shawarar yadda za su gudanar al'amuransu cikin zafi, a cewar Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Ƙasa.

A Birtaniya, zafin da aka yi a watan Yuni ba wai tarihi kawai ya kafa ba, ya zarta duk abin da aka taɓa gani sosai.

An samu ƙarin zafin da maki 0.90, idan aka kwatanta da lissafin baya na shekarar 1940, bambanci ne mai girman gaske.

Akwai irin wannan labari na tsananin zafi a arewacin Afirka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma Asiya.

Babu mamaki kenan game da hasashen da cibiyar 'European Centre for Medium-Range Weather' ta yi cewa watan Yuni ne wata mafi zafi a tarihi.

Zafin bai tsagaita ba, ranaku uku mafiya zafi a tarihi, an yi su ne a makon da ya gabata, a cewar tashar kula da yanayi ta 'Copernicus'.

Ma'aunin zafi na duniya na tsakatsaki ya kai 16.89C a ranar Litinin, 3 ga watan Yuli, kuma ya kai 17C a karon farko ranar 4 ga watan yayin da ma'aunin tsakatsakin zafi a duniya yake 17.04C.

Alƙaluman farko-farko sun nuna cewa an zarta hakan a ranar 5 ga wata lokacin da zafin ya kai 17.05C.

A cewar Farfesa Prof Richard Betts, masani kan yanayi na Jami'ar Exeter, wannan shi ne abin da hasashen zafi ke nunawa.

"bai kamata mu yi mamaki ba game da wannan yanayi na zafi," in ji shi. "Hakan babbar tunasarwa ce kawai kan abin da muka sani tuntuni, kuma za mu ci gaba da ganin ƙaruwar har sai mun daina gurɓata iskar duniya."

Duk lokacin da aka yi zafi sai mu fara tunanin zafin iskar da ke yawo, saboda abin da muka sani ke nan a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullum.

Sai dai, a ƙashin gaskiya akasarin zafin da ke kusa da duniyar Earth ba a sarari yake ba, yana cikin tekuna ne. Hakan ya sa muka dinga ganin ƙaruwar zafin teku a wannan daminar da kuma bazara.

A gefe guda kuma, yanayin da ake yi wa laƙa bi da El Niño na shirin faruwa a yankin Pacific.

El Niño yanayi ne da ke yawan faruwa idan koguna suka yi zafi kuma suka gangaro kan ƙasa a gaɓar ruwan Amurka ta kudu kuma ya afka cikin kogunan.

Yayin da kogunan Atlantika da na Pacific ke fama da zafi, abu ne mai sauƙi a fuskanci zafi mai yawa a watannin Afrilu da Mayu, inda aka samu adadin zafi mafi yawa tun daga shekarun 1850 a ofishin yanayi na Birtaniya.

Idan tekuna suka ɗumama fiye da yadda aka saba, sai a tsammaci ɗumamar yanayi ma, a cewar Tim Lenton, Farfesa kan yanayi a Jami'ar Exeter.

Ya ce akasarin zafin da aka tattara wajen fitar da gurɓatattun tiririn kamfanoni sun tafi cikin tekuna ne.

Sai dai waɗannan zafin za su haɗu da wasu kuma su ƙara nitsawa cikin tekun, amma kuma jujjuyawar ruwa - kamar El Niño - zai iya mayar da zafin zuwa ƙasan tekun.

"Idan hakan ta faru, da yawan waɗannan zafin za su koma cikin sarari ne," in ji Farfesa Lenton, "kuma ya sa iska ta yi zafi."

Abu ne mai sauƙi mutum ya ga cewa an samu tsananin zafi, amma magana ta gaskiya sauyin yanayi na nufin yanzu wannan tsananin da ake gani a yanayin zafi ya zama jiki.

Gurɓatacciyar iska na ci gaba da ƙaruwa duk shekara. Yanayin ƙaruwar ya ɗan ragu kaɗan, amma fitar da gurɓatacciyar iska mai alaƙa da makamashi na ci gaba da kusan kashi 1 cikin 100, a cewar hukumar kula da makamashi ta duniya International Energy Agency.

Ƙaruwar yanayin zafi na duniya, shi ne ƙaruwar tsananin zafin gari, in ji Friederike Otto, ƙwararriya kan yanayi a cibiyar Grantham Institute of Climate Change ta Imperial College London.

"Wannan yanayin zafin ba wai suna yawan faruwa ba ne kawai, za su ci gaba da ɗumama da kuma ɗaukar tsawon lokaci idan da a ce ba a samu ɗumamar duniya ba," a cewarta.

Tuni ƙwararru suka fara tunanin El Niño ƙila ya sa 2023 ta zama shekara mafi tsananin zafi a tarihi.

Suna fargabar hakan zai sa adadin ɗumamar duniya ya zarta 1.5C.

Kuma hakan mafari ne kawai. Idan har ba mu ɗauki matakin rage tiriri mai gurɓata muhalli ba, zafi zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa.