Wane sauyi aka samu a Afghanistan bayan kama mulkin Taliban?

Rasha da China da Pakistan da Iran da kuma sauran ƙasashen tsakiyar Asiya sun yi wani zama a ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, domin tattauna matsalolin da suka shafi Afghanistan.

Ƙasashe maƙwabtan Afghanistan na nuna damuwa kan gungun ƴan bindiga masu alaƙa da ƙungiyar al-ƙa'ida da IS, waɗanda ke da sansanoni a ƙasar.

Su wane ne ƴan Taliban kuma yaya suke mulki?

Taliban wata ƙungiyar addinin Musulunci ce mai tsattsauran ra’ayi, kuma tana fassara dokokin Musulunci ta hanyoyi masu tsauri.

Ta fara mulki a Afghanistan ne tun farko a 1996. Sai dai an kawar da ita, bayan wani farmaki bisa jagorancin dakarun Amurka a shekara ta 2001.

Amma Taliban ta sake ƙwace iko da Afghanistan a watan Agustan 2021, bayan sojojin Amurka sun kwashe shekara 20 a ƙasar.

Kuma a yanzu ta sake dawo da wasu tsauraran dokokinta na 1990.

An haramta wa mata yin aiki kuma yara mata ba za su yi karatun da ya kai matakin sakandare da jami’a ba a yanzu.

Haka kuma, an hana mutane da dama tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don neman ilmi.

Wajibi ne kuma mata su rufe jikinsu kaf a duk lokacin da za su shiga jama’a, sannan an haramta musu zuwa wuraren shaƙatawa.

An kuma rufe shagunan gyaran gashi na mata.

Taliban ta kuma haramta wa mata gudanar da ayyukan agaji, lamarin da ya sanya ƙungiyoyin ba da agaji da dama suka fice daga Afghanistan.

Dr Christine Cheng ta kwalejin Kings College a birnin London ta ce “Yanzu ƴan Taliban sun kasu zuwa gida biyu, akwai masu tsattsauran ra’ayi, sai kuma masu matsakaicin ra’ayi.”

To amma ta ce “Shugabannin suna tare ne da masu tsattsauran ra’ayi.”

Dr Orzala Nemat ta jami’ar SOAS da ke London ta ce “Ikon kafa dokoki ya dogara ne kacokan a kan mutum ɗaya – wato jagoran Taliban, Hibatullah Akhundhaza.”

Haka kuma Afghanistan ta zamo wurin zama ga ƙungiyoyin ƴan bindiga da dama waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Al-qa’ida da IS, waɗanda ke amfani da damar da suka samu ta rashin zaman lafiya a ƙasar cikin ƴan shekarun nan domin ƙara ƙarfi.

Ta yaya karɓe mulkin Taliban ya shafi tattalin arziƙin Afghanistan?

Tattalin arziƙin Afghanistan ya yi matuƙar lalacewa tun bayan da Taliban ta karɓi mulki.

Ƙarfin tattalin arziƙin al’umma ya faɗi da kimanin kashi 30%, kuma an yi ƙiyasin cewa kimanin mutane 700,000 ne suka rasa aikin yi.

Babban abin da ya haifar da hakan kuwa shi ne saboda Amurka ta daina zuba kuɗi a ƙasar ta fannin ayyukan soji bayan janye dakarunta, kuma ta daina bai wa ƙasar taimako.

Amurka da sauran ƙasashen duniya sun kuma ƙaƙaba wa Afghanistan takunkumai tun bayan ƙwace mulki da Taliban ta yi.

Sannan kuma Amurka ta ƙwace wasu kadarorin Afghanistan da ke a ƙasashen waje waɗanda kuɗinsu sun kai kimanin dalar Amurka biliyan 7.1.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ce kashi 90% na al’ummar Afghanistan na rayuwa ne cikin ƙangin talauci.

Ta ƙara da cewa kimanin kashi biyu cikin uku na al’ummar ƙasar na buƙatar tallafi.

Me ya sa ƙasashe maƙwabtan Afghanistan ke jin tsoro?

Babu wata ƙasa a duniya wadda a hukumance ta amince da Taliban a matsayin gwamnatin Afghanistan.

Sai dai wasu ƙasashen sun ƙulla hulɗar diflomasiyya da ƙungiyar.

A 2017, Rasha da China da Pakistan da Iran da kuma ƙasashe biyar na tsakiyar nahiyar Asiya sun kafa wata ƙungiya da suka kira “Moscow Format” da Afghanistan, domin samar da zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a ƙasar.

A ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, ƙungiyar ta yi zama a birnin Kazan na yankin Tatarstan, wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon Rasha.

Antonio Guistozzi na cibiyar RUSI da ke London ya ce “Waɗannan ƙasashe na jin tsoro game da ƙungiyoyin ƴan bindiga da suka yi sansani a Afghanistan.”

Pakistan ta yi magana kan wata ƙungiya da ake kira Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TPP) wadda ke da cibiyarta a Afghanistan.

Ita ƙungiya ce ta daban, amma tana yunƙurin kafa gwamnati irin ta Taliban a Pakistan kuma ta kwashe shekaru tana artabu da jami’an tsaron ƙasar.

Rasha kuma da sauran ƙasashe kamar Uzbekistan na nuna damuwa kan cewa ƙungiyar IS ta lardin Khorsan (ISKP) wadda ke da mazauni a Afghanistan za ta iya kai hari a wasu wurare na ƙasashen tsakiyar nahiyar Asiya.

An kafa ƙungiyar a 2015, kuma ta ayyana Taliban a matsayin abokiyar gabarta, sannan ta kai hare-hare da dama a kan fararen hula.

Wata ƙungiyar da ke da mazauni a Afghanistan kuma ita ce ‘East Turkistan Islamic Movement’, wadda ta kai hare-hare da dama a ƙasar China.

Burin ƙungiyar shi ne, ta mayar da lardin Xinjiang na arewa maso yammacin China mai yawan al’umma 'yan ƙabilar Uyghur, waɗanda yawancinsu Musulmai ne zuwa yanki mai bin tsarin Musulunci.

Ƙungiyar na da alaƙa da Alƙa’ida, sai dai Taliban ta ƙi tallafa mata.

Dr Giustozzi ya ce “Taliban ta shawo kan mayaƙan ƙungiyar ‘East Turkistan Islamic Movement’ a kan su tashi daga kan iyakar Afghanistan da China.”

Ya ƙara da cewa “Taliban ta yi ƙoƙari wajen maganin ƙungiyoyin mayaƙa a Afghanistan, duk da cewa ba ta ƙarfin da ya kai ya kawo na kawar da su.”

Wane hali ake ciki game da kasuwancin hodar iblis a Afghanistan?

A tsawon shekaru, Afghanistan ta kasance a sahun gaba wajen noman furen ‘opium’ wanda ake amfani da shi wajen haɗa hodar iblis.

A shakarar 2022, Taliban ta sanar da haramcin noman ‘opium’, kuma hotunan da tauraron ɗan’adam ya ɗauka sun nuna cewa an samu raguwa sosai a yawan filayen da ake amfani da su wajen noman.

Sai Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ce a shekara 2022, furen ‘opium’ da ake samarwa ya yi ƙasa ne kawai da kashi 10% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabace ta.

Kuma ta ce ana safara hodar iblis wadda yawanta ya kai tsakanin tan 250 zuwa 580 zuwa ƙasashen da ke maƙwaftaka.

Ko akwai abubuwan da wasu ƙasashe za su iya ƙaruwa da su daga Afghanistan?

Afghanistan na da arziƙin albarkatun ƙasa waɗanda suka haɗa da copper da marble da zinare da ɗanyen man fetur da iskar gas da uranium da lithium, waɗanda gwamnatin da ta gabata ta ce za su kai darajar tsakanin dalar Amurka tiriliyan ɗaya zuwa tiriliyan uku.

Wani kamfanin haƙar ma’adanai na ƙasar China ya karɓi aikin haƙar copper a mahaƙar ma’adanai da ke Mes Aynak, kudu da Kabul, babban birnin ƙasar.

Sannan wani kamfani ya karɓi wurin haƙar ɗanyen man fetur da ke yankin Amu Darya a arewaci.

Sai dai har yanzu babu ɗaya daga cikin su da ya fara aiki.

A farkon shekarar 2023, China ta amince ta tsawaita wata hanyar fitar da kaya da ake kira yankin hada-hadar kasuwanci ta China da Pakistan, zuwa cikin Afghanistan, lamarin da zai haɓɓaka harkar kasuwanci.

Dr Giustozzi ya ce “China na nuna alamun cewa tana da aniyar zuba jari a Afghanistan sai dai har yanzu kamfanoni kaɗan ne suka je Afghanistan ɗin.”