Yarjejeniyar Oslo: Shekara 30 na dushewar burin Falasɗinawa

Kimanin shekara 30 kenan tun bayan yarjejeniyar Oslo ta zaman lafiya da aka cimma tsakanin Isra'ila da Falasɗinawa.

Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiyar ce ta haifar ta samar da gwamnatin falasɗinawa, da nufin samar da gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya na shekara biyar a yayin da tattaunawar sasanton ta taimaka wajen warware matsaloli masu tarin yawa a rikicin tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu.

A yanzu, kusan shekara 10 tun bayan rushewar tattaunawar zaman lafiyar, har yanzu gwamnatin Palasdinawa na nan daram , to sai dai tana ƙara samun rashin karɓuwa.

A yayin da ake ci gaba da gine-ginen ɗimbin gidajen cin abinci da manyan Kantina, birnin Ramallah ya na ci gaba da nuna zama wane ɓangare na Falasɗinu.

Tun shekarar 1993 lokacin da aka fara sanya hannu a yarjeniyar zaman lafiya da aka cimma a Oslo, aka yi ta samun kuɗi daga masu bayar da tallafi zuwa birnin da ke gaɓar yamma da kogin Jordan

An gina-manya-manyan ma'aikatun gwamnati da kayan ayukan ofis da ke ɗauke da alamun Falasɗinu a wurare daban-daban a birnin.

To sai dai

Amma Falasdinawa na yi wa gwamnatin riƙon ƙwaryar kallon ganga ba rufi. Suna ganin ya kamata a maye gurbin gwamnatin riƙon ƙwaryar da zaɓaɓɓiyar gwamnati, da suke mafarkin za ta mulki ƙasarsu mai 'yancin cin gashin kai da ta ƙunshin gaɓar yamma da Kogin Jordan da yankin zirin Gaza, da babbar birnin ƙasar a Birnin Kudus, to sai dai wannan fata na neman kuɓucewa ƙasar.

''Al'amura suna ƙara munana tare da samun koma-baya.'' kamar yadda Um Nabil wani matashi a Ramallah ya shaida wa BBC " a yanzu rayuwarmu na cikin rashin tabbas".

Yayin da ƙuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a ta nuna cewa, kaso biyu bisa uku na al'ummar Falasɗinu ne suka goyi bayan yarjejeniyar Oslo,a yanzu babban fatan da ake da shi game da batun, na ci gaba da dusashewa.

"Abin takaicin shi ne shugabannin Falasdinawa sun yi babban kuskure kimanin shekara 30 da suka wuce," in ji wani tsohon mai rajin kare Falasɗinawa, Khalil Shikaki.

"Kasancewar a yanzu yadda za a warware rikici tsakanin ƙasashen biyu ba abu ne mai sauki ba, hakan na ƙara jefa mutane cikin fargaba da damuwa".

Rayuwar Falasdinawa, a zahiri na cikin takura ne sanadiyyar mamayar da sojoji suka yi a yankin.

Ta duk inda suke son fita daga yankin Ramallah, sukan ci karo da turakun bincike, sansanonin soji da matsugunan Yahudawa da aka kafa.

A lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Oslo a shekarar 1993, akwai Yahudawa fiye da 110,000 da ke zaune a Yammacin Kogin Jordan, ciki har da Gabashin Birnin Kudus.

A yau, adadin ya haura 700,000. A ƙarƙashin dokokin kasa da ƙasa, ana kallon zaman da suke yi a wurin a matsayin haramtacce, to sai dai Isra'ila ta sha musanta hakan.

Yanzu kasar tana da gwamnati mafi tsauri da aka taba samu - tare da ministoci masu kishin kasa da na addini wadanda ke da ra'ayin mamaye Yammacin Kogin Jordan.

A halin da ake ciki kuma, gwamnatin riƙon ƙwaryar - wadda kungiyar Falasɗinawa ta Fatah ta mamaye - tana da rauni kuma ba ta da wani shiri na tilasta wa Isra'ila daina fadada yankin da ake son kafa kasar Falasdinu a nan gaba.

Cin hanci da rashawa sun yi wa gwamnatin - da ake yi kallon mai kama karya - katutu,.

Haka kuma ana kallonta a matsayin wadda ke bayar da dama ga isra'ila wajen ƙara mamayarta a yankin.

Akwai babban damuwa game da yadda jami'an tsaron gwamnatin riƙon ƙwaryar ke hada kai da sojojin Isra'ila domin kama Falasɗinawa bisa zargin shirya hari kan Yahudawa.

Haka kuma al'ummar ƙasar sun zargi manyan jami'an gwamnatin riƙon ƙwaryar da ƙaga wa kansu albashi mai gwaɓi da damar yin tafiye-tafiye irin ta manyan mutane, lamarin da ke sauƙaƙa musu taƙaita zirga-zirga da Isra'ila ke sanya musu tare da iyalansu.

Sun yi imanin cewa suna amfani da matsayinsu ne don taimakawa abokansu wajen samun damar irin wannan izini, da kuma samun muƙamai ko kwangiloli.

"Kashi 60% na al'ummar Falasdinu na kallon gwamnatin a matsayin wata ɗawainiy", a cewar binciken Dr Shikaki.

Wata shida da suka gabata, wani dan karamin bincike ya nuna cewa rugujewar gwamnatin zai zama abin da aka fi buƙata.

Bayan da Isra'ila ta kwace Yammacin Kogin Jordan da yankin Zirin Gaza daga Jordan da Masar a lokacin yakin Gabas ta Tsakiya da aka gudanar cikin shekarar 1967, sojojinta ne suka riƙa mulkar kai tsaye.

A halin da ake ciki kuma, an mayar da gabashin Birnin Kudus zuwa Isra'ila a wani mataki da duniya ta ƙi amincewa da shi.

Sakamakon yarjejeniyar Oslo, shugabannin ƙungiyar 'yantar da Falasdinu ta 'Palestine Liberation Organisation' (PLO) - sabuwar ƙungiya da Isra'ila ta amince da ita - suka koma ƙasar daga zaman gudun hijira da suke yi a ƙasashen waje.

A yayin da Yasser Arafat ke matsayin shugaban kasa, sabuwar gwamnatin Falasɗiwan ta fara gudanar da wasu na yau da kullum kamar kiwon lafiya da ilimi da wasu tsare-tsare a yankin Zirin Gaza da wasu sassan Gaɓar Yammacin Kogin Jordan.

Kimanin kashi 60% na yankunan Yammacin Kogin Jordan na ƙarƙashin ikon Isra'ila amma Falasɗinawa na cike da fatan faɗaɗa ikonsu na tsawon lokaci.

Rushewar tattaunawar zaman lafiya da aka samu a Camp David a shekara ta 2000 tare da fusatar da Falasdinawa suka yi a lokacin da madugun 'yan adawar Isra'ila ya ziyarci wuri mai tsarki - harabar masallacin al-Aqsa, a Birnin Kudus - domin ƙara ƙarfafa ikon Isra'ila a wurin.

Mummunan tashin hankalin na intifada na biyu na Palasdinawa, da aka fi sani da boren Yahudawa ya taimaka wajen kawo cikasa ga ɗorewar zaman lafiya, tare da ƙarfafa ƙunguyar Yahudawa masu tsattauran kishin addini.

Ko da yake daga baya Amurka ta shiga tsakani, amma ba ta samu nasara ba mai yawa ba, zagayen ƙarshe na tattaunawar ta ruguje a shekarar 2014.

A babban ofishinsa da ke Ramallah, na hadu da Sabri Saidam, tsohon ministan ilimi na gwamnatin falasɗinawa, da a yanzu shi ne mataimakin babban sakatare na ƙungiyar Fatah.

Ya yi watsi da ra'ayin cewa gwamnatin ba ta da tasiri, yana mai bayyana samar da ita a matsayin "mafi mahimmanci."

Rage ƙimar gwamnatin shi ne yadda take ƙara kusantar mulkin kama-karya.

A shekarar 2005 aka gudanar da za ben shgugaban ƙasar da ya kawo Mahmoud Abbas kan karagar mulki na tsawon shekaru hudu, amma yanzu yana da shekaru 87 a duniya, a matsayinsa na shugaban gwamnatin da PLO, ya ci gaba da yin aiki bisa umarninsa na kula da tsarin da ke kara tabarbarewa.

Babbar Kungiyar hamayya ta Hammas - wadda ke da burin ruguza Isra'ila ce - ta samu rinjaye a zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki na ƙarshe da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2006.

Kokarin kafa gwamnatin hadin kan ƙasa da duniya za ta amince da shi daga karshe ya ci tura, kuma a shekara ta 2007, Hamas ta karɓe ikon Gaza baki ɗaya, bayan shafe kwanaki ana gwabza kazamin fada tsakanin bangarorin.

Yayin da ake sukar gwamnatin - hatta a shafukan sada zumunta - ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa, mutane na zarginta da fifita shugabanninta.

Diana Buttu, wata lauya Falasdinu-Kanada, kuma tsohuwar mai magana da yawun PLO ta yi zargin gwamnatin da zama "mai mulkin kama-karya tare da rashin taɓuka komai na ci gaba".

A yanzu a ƙasar Falasdinawa 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 35 ba su taɓa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen ƙasar ba.

Misis Buttu da sauran masu irin ra'ayinta na kira da a gudanar da sabon zabe, tare da kira manyan ƙasashen duniya su tilasta wa Isra'ila ficewa daga ƙasar, to sai dai da alama manyan ƙasashen ba sa son ɗaukar wannan mataki.

Idan muka koma tsakiyar birnin Ramallah, yarjejeniyar Oslo na taimakawa wajen gudanar da al'amuran rayuwar yau da kullun yayin da ma'aikatan gwamnatin ke barin ayyukansu tare da cire 'yan'yansu daga makarantun gwamnati.

Amma mutane daga kowane rukuni na shekaru na nuna damuwa. Akwai fargabar fargabarɓarkewar rikice-rikicen cikin gida lokacin shugaban gwamnatin ke dab da sauka daga mulkin ba tare da cikakken magaji ba.